在C/C++中修改Table和读取Table差别不大。也是非常简单。还是直接上代码：

代码

WriteLuaTable.lua

luat_Test1={a=123, b=456, c=789}
luat_Test2={123, 456, 789}

WriteLuaTable.cpp

#include <lua.hpp>

static void WriteTableFromKey(lua_State *L, const char* lpszTableName, const char* lpszTableItem, int nVal)
{
    lua_getglobal(L, lpszTableName);
    lua_pushnumber(L, nVal);
    lua_setfield(L, -2, lpszTableItem);
    lua_pop(L, 1);
}

static void WriteTableFromIndex(lua_State *L, const char* lpszTableName, int index, int nVal)
{
    lua_getglobal(L, lpszTableName);
    lua_pushnumber(L, nVal);
    lua_rawseti(L, -2, index);
    lua_pop(L, 1);
}

static void ReadTableFromKey(lua_State *L, const char* lpszTableName, const char* lpszTableItem)
{
    lua_getglobal(L, lpszTableName);

    lua_pushstring(L, lpszTableItem);
    lua_gettable(L, -2);
    printf("%s.%s=%d\n", lpszTableName, lpszTableItem, (int)lua_tonumber(L, -1));
    lua_pop(L, 2);
}

static void ReadTableFromIndex(lua_State *L, const char* lpszTableName, int index)
{
    lua_getglobal(L, lpszTableName);
    lua_rawgeti(L, -1, index);
    printf("%s[%d]=%d\n", lpszTableName, index, (int)lua_tonumber(L, -1));
    lua_pop(L, 2);
}

int main (int argc, char* argv[])
{
    lua_State *L = lua_open();
    luaopen_base(L);

    luaL_dofile(L, "WriteLuaTable.lua");

    ReadTableFromKey(L, "luat_Test1", "a");
    ReadTableFromKey(L, "luat_Test1", "b");
    ReadTableFromKey(L, "luat_Test1", "c");
    puts("\n");
    WriteTableFromKey(L, "luat_Test1", "a", 147); // luat_Test1['a'] = 147
    WriteTableFromKey(L, "luat_Test1", "b", 258); // luat_Test1['b'] = 258
    WriteTableFromKey(L, "luat_Test1", "c", 369); // luat_Test1['c'] = 369
    WriteTableFromKey(L, "luat_Test1", "d", 159); // luat_Test1['d'] = 159
    ReadTableFromKey(L, "luat_Test1", "a");
    ReadTableFromKey(L, "luat_Test1", "b");
    ReadTableFromKey(L, "luat_Test1", "c");
    ReadTableFromKey(L, "luat_Test1", "d");
    puts("\n--------------------------");
    ReadTableFromIndex(L, "luat_Test2", 1);
    ReadTableFromIndex(L, "luat_Test2", 2);
    ReadTableFromIndex(L, "luat_Test2", 3);
    puts("\n");
    WriteTableFromIndex(L, "luat_Test2", 1, 147);  // luat_Test2[1] = 147
    WriteTableFromIndex(L, "luat_Test2", 2, 258);  // luat_Test2[2] = 258
    WriteTableFromIndex(L, "luat_Test2", 3, 369);  // luat_Test2[3] = 369
    WriteTableFromIndex(L, "luat_Test2", 4, 159);  // luat_Test2[4] = 159
    ReadTableFromIndex(L, "luat_Test2", 1);
    ReadTableFromIndex(L, "luat_Test2", 2);
    ReadTableFromIndex(L, "luat_Test2", 3);
    ReadTableFromIndex(L, "luat_Test2", 4);
    lua_close(L);
    return 0;
}

makefile

CPPFLAG=`pkg-config --cflags lua5.1`
LDFLAG=`pkg-config --libs lua5.1`
CC=g++
all: WriteLuaTable
WriteLuaTable : WriteLuaTable.cpp
    $(CC) -o $@ $(CPPFLAG) $(LDFLAG) $<

测试环境

类型	值
操作系统	Ubuntu 10.10
lua	5.1.4

运行结果